Dictionary

A yuga (Sanskrit: युग), in Hinduism, is generally used to indicate an age of time In the Rigveda, a yuga refers to generations, a long period, a very brief period, or a yoke (joining of two things) In the Mahabharata, the words yuga and kalpa (a day of Brahma) are used interchangeably to describe the cycle of creation and destruction The names “Yuga” and “Age” commonly denote a catur-yuga (pronounced Chatur Yuga), a cycle of four world ages, for example, in the Surya Siddhanta and Bhagavad Gita (part of the Mahabharata), unless expressly limited by the name of one of its minor ages: Krita (Satya) Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, or Kali Yuga

Ahamkara (Sanskrit: अहंकार) or ahankāraḥ is a Sanskrit word used in Hindu philosophy to refer to the human ego. It is derived from the root words aham, meaning “self,” and kara, meaning “to do with” or “created thing.” This is an ancient term that was first used in Vedic texts some 3,000 years ago and was then used in Hindu philosophy, with it being particularly relevant in samkhya philosophy. It is one of the four different elements that make up the antahkarana (inner organ)....

Srimad-Bhagavatam: Canto 12 - Chapter 1 - Verse 2 Sanskrit: श्रीमार्कण्डेय उवाचप्रपन्नोऽस्म्यङ्‍‍घ्रिमूलं ते प्रपन्नाभयदं हरे ।यन्माययापि विबुधा मुह्यन्ति ज्ञानकाशया ॥ २ ॥ ITRANS: śrī-mārkaṇḍeya uvācaprapanno ’smy aṅghri-mūlaṁ teprapannābhaya-daṁ hareyan-māyayāpi vibudhāmuhyanti jñāna-kāśayā Translation: Śrī Mārkaṇḍeya said: O Lord Hari, I take shelter of the soles of Your lotus feet, which bestow fearlessness upon all who surrender to them. Even the great demigods are bewildered by Your illusory energy, which appears to them in the guise of knowledge....

Srimad-Bhagavatam: Canto 12 - Chapter 1 - Verse 2-3 Sanskrit: तान्त्रिका: परिचर्यायां केवलस्य श्रिय: पते: ।अङ्गोपाङ्गायुधाकल्पं कल्पयन्ति यथा च यै: ॥ २ ॥तन्नो वर्णय भद्रं ते क्रियायोगं बुभुत्सताम् ।येन क्रियानैपुणेन मर्त्यो यायादमर्त्यताम् ॥ ३ ॥ ITRANS: tāntrikāḥ paricaryāyāṁkevalasya śriyaḥ pateḥaṅgopāṅgāyudhākalpaṁkalpayanti yathā ca yaiḥ Translation: All good fortune to you! Please explain to us, who are very eager to learn, the process of kriyā-yoga practiced through regulated worship of the transcendental Lord, the husband of the goddess of fortune....

Srimad-Bhagavatam: Canto 12 - Chapter 1 - Verse 2 Sanskrit: एतद् व: कथितं विप्रा विष्णोश्चरितमद्भ‍ुतम् ।भवद्भ‍िर्यदहं पृष्टो नराणां पुरुषोचितम् ॥ २ ॥ ITRANS: etad vaḥ kathitaṁ viprāviṣṇoś caritam adbhutambhavadbhir yad ahaṁ pṛṣṭonarāṇāṁ puruṣocitam Translation: O great sages, I have narrated to you the wonderful pastimes of Lord Viṣṇu, as you inquired about them from me. Hearing such narrations is the suitable engagement for a person who is actually a human being....

Srimad-Bhagavatam: Canto 12 - Chapter 1 - Verse 2 Sanskrit: वित्तमेव कलौ नृणां जन्माचारगुणोदय: ।धर्मन्यायव्यवस्थायां कारणं बलमेव हि ॥ २ ॥ ITRANS: vittam eva kalau nṝṇāṁjanmācāra-guṇodayaḥdharma-nyāya-vyavasthāyāṁkāraṇaṁ balam eva hi Translation: In Kali-yuga, wealth alone will be considered the sign of a man’s good birth, proper behavior and fine qualities. And law and justice will be applied only on the basis of one’s power. Purport: In the Age of Kali, a man is considered high class, middle class or low class merely according to his financial status, regardless of his knowledge, culture and behavior....

Srimad-Bhagavatam: Canto 12 - Chapter 1 - Verse 2 Sanskrit: काम एष नरेन्द्राणां मोघ: स्याद् विदुषामपि ।येन फेनोपमे पिण्डे येऽतिविश्रम्भिता नृपा: ॥ २ ॥ ITRANS: kāma eṣa narendrāṇāṁmoghaḥ syād viduṣām apiyena phenopame piṇḍeye ’ti-viśrambhitā nṛpāḥ Translation: “Great rulers of men, even those who are learned, meet frustration and failure because of material lust. Driven by lust, these kings place great hope and faith in the dead lump of flesh called the body, even though the material frame is as fleeting as bubbles of foam on water....

Srimad-Bhagavatam: Canto 12 - Chapter 1 - Verse 2 Sanskrit: चतुर्युगसहस्रं तु ब्रह्मणो दिनमुच्यते ।स कल्पो यत्र मनवश्चतुर्दश विशाम्पते ॥ २ ॥ ITRANS: catur-yuga-sahasraṁ tubrahmaṇo dinam ucyatesa kalpo yatra manavaścaturdaśa viśām-pate Translation: One thousand cycles of four ages constitute a single day of Brahmā, known as a kalpa. In that period, O King, fourteen Manus come and go. Purport:

Srimad-Bhagavatam: Canto 12 - Chapter 1 - Verse 2 Sanskrit: त्वं तु राजन् मरिष्येति पशुबुद्धिमिमां जहि ।न जात: प्रागभूतोऽद्य देहवत्त्वं न नङ्‌क्ष्यसि ॥ २ ॥ ITRANS: tvaṁ tu rājan mariṣyetipaśu-buddhim imāṁ jahina jātaḥ prāg abhūto ’dyadeha-vat tvaṁ na naṅkṣyasi Translation: O King, give up the animalistic mentality of thinking, “I am going to die.” Unlike the body, you have not taken birth. There was not a time in the past when you did not exist, and you are not about to be destroyed....

Srimad-Bhagavatam: Canto 12 - Chapter 1 - Verse 2 Sanskrit: राजोवाचसिद्धोऽस्म्यनुगृहीतोऽस्मि भवता करुणात्मना ।श्रावितो यच्च मे साक्षादनादिनिधनो हरि: ॥ २ ॥ ITRANS: rājovācasiddho ’smy anugṛhīto ’smibhavatā karuṇātmanāśrāvito yac ca me sākṣādanādi-nidhano hariḥ Translation: Mahārāja Parīkṣit said: I have now achieved the purpose of my life, because a great and merciful soul like you has shown such kindness to me. You have personally spoken to me this narration of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Hari, who is without beginning or end....

Srimad-Bhagavatam: Canto 12 - Chapter 1 - Verse 2 Sanskrit: शौक्लायनिर्ब्रह्मबलिर्मोदोष: पिप्पलायनि: ।वेददर्शस्य शिष्यास्ते पथ्यशिष्यानथो श‍ृणु ।कुमुद: शुनको ब्रह्मन् जाजलिश्चाप्यथर्ववित् ॥ २ ॥ ITRANS: śauklāyanir brahmabalirmodoṣaḥ pippalāyaniḥvedadarśasya śiṣyās tepathya-śiṣyān atho śṛṇukumudaḥ śunako brahmanjājaliś cāpy atharva-vit Translation: Śauklāyani, Brahmabali, Modoṣa and Pippalāyani were disciples of Vedadarśa. Hear from me also the names of the disciples of Pathya. My dear brāhmaṇa, they are Kumuda, Śunaka and Jājali, all of whom knew the Atharva Veda very well....

Srimad-Bhagavatam: Canto 12 - Chapter 1 - Verse 2-5 Sanskrit: आहुश्चिरायुषमृषिं मृकण्डतनयं जना: ।य: कल्पान्ते ह्युर्वरितो येन ग्रस्तमिदं जगत् ॥ २ ॥स वा अस्मत्कुलोत्पन्न: कल्पेऽस्मिन् भार्गवर्षभ: ।नैवाधुनापि भूतानां सम्प्लव: कोऽपि जायते ॥ ३ ॥एक एवार्णवे भ्राम्यन् ददर्श पुरुषं किल ।वटपत्रपुटे तोकं शयानं त्वेकमद्भ‍ुतम् ॥ ४ ॥एष न: संशयो भूयान् सूत कौतूहलं यत: ।तं नश्छिन्धि महायोगिन् पुराणेष्वपि सम्मत: ॥ ५ ॥ ITRANS: āhuś cirāyuṣam ṛṣiṁmṛkaṇḍu-tanayaṁ janāḥyaḥ kalpānte hy urvaritoyena grastam idaṁ jagat...

Srimad-Bhagavatam: Canto 12 - Chapter 1 - Verse 2 Sanskrit: श्रीभगवानुवाचभो भो ब्रह्मर्षिवर्योऽसि सिद्ध आत्मसमाधिना ।मयि भक्त्यानपायिन्या तप:स्वाध्यायसंयमै: ॥ २ ॥ ITRANS: śrī-bhagavān uvācabho bho brahmarṣi-varyo ’sisiddha ātma-samādhināmayi bhaktyānapāyinyātapaḥ-svādhyāya-saṁyamaiḥ Translation: The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: My dear Mārkaṇḍeya, you are indeed the best of all learned brāhmaṇas. You have perfected your life by practicing fixed meditation upon the Supreme Soul, as well as by focusing upon Me your undeviating devotional service, your austerities, your study of the Vedas and your strict adherence to regulative principles....

Srimad-Bhagavatam: Canto 11 - Chapter 1 - Verse 2 Sanskrit: उच्चावचेषु भूतेषु दुर्ज्ञेयमकृतात्मभि: ।उपासते त्वां भगवन् याथातथ्येन ब्राह्मणा: ॥ २ ॥ ITRANS: uccāvaceṣu bhūteṣudurjñeyam akṛtātmabhiḥupāsate tvāṁ bhagavanyāthā-tathyena brāhmaṇāḥ Translation: My dear Lord, although it is difficult for the impious to understand that You are situated in all superior and inferior creations, those brāhmaṇas who are actual knowers of the Vedic conclusion worship You in truth. Purport: The behavior of saintly persons is also to be taken as evidence, and therefore it is here stated that although ignorant, impious persons are bewildered before the Lord’s all-pervading feature, those with purified, clear consciousness worship the Lord as He is....

Srimad-Bhagavatam: Canto 11 - Chapter 1 - Verse 2 Sanskrit: कन्दमूलफलैर्वन्यैर्मेध्यैर्वृत्तिं प्रकल्पयेत् ।वसीत वल्कलं वासस्तृणपर्णाजिनानि वा ॥ २ ॥ ITRANS: kanda-mūla-phalair vanyairmedhyair vṛttiṁ prakalpayetvasīta valkalaṁ vāsastṛṇa-parṇājināni vā Translation: Having adopted the vānaprastha order of life, one should arrange one’s sustenance by eating uncontaminated bulbs, roots and fruits that grow in the forest. One may dress oneself with tree bark, grass, leaves or animal skins. Purport: A renounced sage in the forest does not kill animals, but rather acquires skins from animals who have suffered natural death....