Jainism () is an ancient Indian religion
The three main pillars of Jainism are ahiṃsā (non-violence), anekāntavāda (non-absolutism), and aparigraha (ascetism)
Jain monks take five main vows: ahiṃsā (non-violence), satya (truth), asteya (not stealing), brahmacharya (sexual continence), and aparigraha (non-possessiveness)
These principles have affected Jain culture in many ways, such as leading to a predominantly vegetarian lifestyle
Parasparopagraho jīvānām (the function of souls is to help one another) is the faith’s motto, and the Ṇamōkāra mantra is its most common and basic prayer
Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through a succession of twenty-four leaders or Tirthankaras, with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago; the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha, whom historians date to ninth century BCE; and the twenty-fourth tirthankara, Mahavira around 600 BCE
Jainism is considered to be an eternal dharma with the tirthankaras guiding every time cycle of the cosmology
Jainism is one of the world’s oldest religions in practice to this day
It has two major ancient sub-traditions, Digambaras and Śvētāmbaras, with different views on ascetic practices, gender, and the texts that can be considered canonical; both have mendicants supported by laypersons (śrāvakas and śrāvikas)
The Śvētāmbara tradition in turn has three sub-traditions: Mandirvāsī, Terapanthi, and Sthānakavasī
The religion has between four and five million followers, known as Jains, who reside mostly in India
Outside India, some of the largest communities are in Canada, Europe, and the United States, with Japan hosting a fast-growing community of converts
Major festivals include Paryushana and Das Lakshana, Ashtanika, Mahavir Janma Kalyanak, Akshaya Tritiya, and Dipawali
Estimates for the population of Jains differ from just over four million to twelve million